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Advanced Open‐Chain Nitramines as Energetic Materials: Heterocyclic‐Substituted 1,3‐Dichloro‐2‐nitrazapropane
Author(s) -
Klapötke Thomas M.,
Penger Alexander,
Pflüger Carolin,
Stierstorfer Jörg,
Sućeska Muhamed
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
european journal of inorganic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.667
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1099-0682
pISSN - 1434-1948
DOI - 10.1002/ejic.201300382
Subject(s) - chemistry , pentaerythritol tetranitrate , detonation , explosive material , standard enthalpy of formation , energetic material , nucleophilic substitution , nucleophilic aromatic substitution , nitro , computational chemistry , thermal stability , detonation velocity , combinatorial chemistry , organic chemistry , alkyl
There are great demands to develop explosives with higher performance accompanied by reduced sensitivities towards external stimuli, higher thermal stability and improved environmental acceptability. This contribution presents modified nitramines, which were investigated by nucleophilic substitution reactions of potassium salts of 5‐amino‐3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazole, 3,5‐dinitro‐1,2,4‐triazole, 3,5‐dinitroimidazole, 2,4‐dinitroimidazole, 4‐amino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole, 3,5‐dinitropyrazole, 3,4‐dinitropyrazole and 3,4,5‐trinitropyrazole on 1,3‐dichloro‐2‐nitrazapropane. The energetic compounds were comprehensively characterized and their detonation parameters were calculated by the EXPLO5 code. Heats of formation were calculated by the atomization method using CBS‐4M electronic enthalpies. The presented compounds show detonation performances comparable to pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). In addition, they possess high thermal stabilities and low sensitivities, which make them interesting for further investigations and possible applications as insensitive, high‐energy dense materials.