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MRI Paramagnetic Probes for Cellular Labeling
Author(s) -
Gianolio Eliana,
Stefania Rachele,
Di Gregorio Enza,
Aime Silvio
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
european journal of inorganic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.667
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1099-0682
pISSN - 1434-1948
DOI - 10.1002/ejic.201101399
Subject(s) - paramagnetism , chemistry , relaxation (psychology) , nanotechnology , nuclear magnetic resonance , physics , neuroscience , condensed matter physics , materials science , biology
This review discusses the main procedures that have been developed for pursuing the task of an efficient cellular labelling with paramagnetic metal complexes for MRI detection. Although most of the work deals with Gd III ‐based relaxation enhancers it is shown that the emerging class of paraCEST agents can allow the visualization of more cell types in the same MR image. To improve the detection of labelled cells, it is often necessary to deal with the use of nano‐sized carriers able to deliver a large number of paramagnetic metal complexes. Finally, selected examples are reported to show how proper design of the paramagnetic complex can offer the way to acquire key information on underlying processes in the labelled cells.