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Physical Properties of Eu 2+ ‐Containing Cryptates as Contrast Agents for Ultrahigh‐Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Author(s) -
Garcia Joel,
KudaWedagedara Akhila N. W.,
Allen Matthew J.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
european journal of inorganic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.667
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1099-0682
pISSN - 1434-1948
DOI - 10.1002/ejic.201101166
Subject(s) - chemistry , transmetalation , yield (engineering) , ion , relaxation (psychology) , inert , inorganic chemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , nuclear magnetic resonance , thermodynamics , organic chemistry , catalysis , physics , psychology , social psychology
The kinetic stabilities and relaxivities of a series of Eu 2+ ‐containing cryptates have been investigated. Transmetallation studies, which monitored the change in the longitudinal relaxation rate of water protons in the presence of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Zn 2+ , demonstrated that the cryptate structure influenced the stability, and two of the cryptates studied were inert to transmetallation in the presence of these endogenous ions. The efficacy of these cryptates was determined at different magnetic field strengths, temperatures, and pH values. Cryptate relaxivity was found to be higher at ultrahigh field strengths (7 and 9.4 T) relative to clinically relevant field strengths (1.4 and 3 T), but the efficiency of these cryptates decreased as the temperature increased. In addition, a variation in pH did not yield significant changes in the efficacy of the cryptates. These studies establish a foundation of important properties that are necessary to develop effective positive contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging from Eu 2+ ‐containing cryptates.