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Energetic Nitrogen‐Rich Salts of 1‐(2‐Hydroxyethyl)‐5‐nitriminotetrazole
Author(s) -
Fischer Niko,
Klapötke Thomas M.,
Stierstorfer Jörg
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
european journal of inorganic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.667
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1099-0682
pISSN - 1434-1948
DOI - 10.1002/ejic.201100535
Subject(s) - chemistry , detonation , detonation velocity , deprotonation , raman spectroscopy , differential scanning calorimetry , standard enthalpy of formation , tetrazole , salt metathesis reaction , nitrogen , infrared spectroscopy , energetic material , inorganic chemistry , metathesis , polymer chemistry , organic chemistry , polymerization , explosive material , ion , physics , optics , thermodynamics , polymer
1‐(2‐Hydroxyethyl)‐5‐nitriminotetrazole ( 2 ) was formed by the reaction of 5‐amino‐1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)tetrazole ( 1 ) and 100 % HNO 3 . Compound 1 was obtained by alkylation of 5‐amino‐1 H ‐tetrazole with 2‐chloroethanol. Nitrogen‐rich salts such as the ammonium ( 3 ), hydroxylammonium ( 4 ), guanidinium ( 5 ), aminoguanidinium ( 6 ), diaminoguanidinium ( 7 ), triaminoguanidinium ( 8 ), azidoformamidinium ( 9 ), and diaminouronium ( 10 ) 1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐5‐nitriminotetrazolate were prepared by deprotonation or metathesis reactions. Compounds 3 – 10 were fully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (except for 9 and 10 ), vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman), multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The heats of formation of 4 – 10 were calculated by the atomization method based on CBS‐4M enthalpies. With these values and the X‐ray densities, several detonation parameters such as the detonation pressure, velocity, energy, and temperature were computed using the EXPLO5 code. In addition their sensitivities towards impact, friction, and electrical discharge were tested using a BAM drophammer, a friction tester, and a small‐scale electrical discharge device.