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Hybrid Architectures from 3D Aligned Arrays of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoparticulate LiCoPO 4 : Synthesis, Properties and Evaluation of Their Electrochemical Performance as Cathode Materials in Lithium Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
Schneider Jörg J.,
Khanderi Jayaprakash,
Popp Alexander,
Engstler Jörg,
Tempel Hermann,
Sarapulova Angelina,
Bramnik Natalia N.,
Mikhailova Daria,
Ehrenberg Helmut,
Schmitt Ljubomira A.,
Dimesso Lucangelo,
Förster Christoph,
Jaegermann Wolfram
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
european journal of inorganic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.667
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1099-0682
pISSN - 1434-1948
DOI - 10.1002/ejic.201100217
Subject(s) - carbon nanotube , nanoparticle , electrochemistry , cathode , composite number , lithium (medication) , nanotechnology , chemical engineering , oxide , materials science , carbon fibers , intercalation (chemistry) , electrode , chemistry , composite material , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry , endocrinology , engineering , medicine
Hybrid materials composed of LiMPO 4 (M = Fe or Co) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) were synthesized by tethering lithium phosphoolevins on isolated stochastically disordered MWCNTs as well as on ordered 3D MWCNT arrays via solution based impregnation routes. Ordered 3D arrays of MWCNT monoliths comprising MWCNTs with nominal tube diameters of 60 and 200 nm were synthesized by a catalyst free, template based method, with porous aluminum oxide (PAOX) acting as a template. Consecutive selectiveetching processes gave free standing aligned 3D carbon nanotube (CNT) architectures that were used as supporting cathode structures for electroactive LiCoPO 4 . LiCoPO 4 nanoparticle suspensions derived from an ethanol based organic phosphate source turned out to be superior for the tethering of LiCoPO 4 nanoparticles onto the 3D aligned CNT arrays compared to an aqueous based tethering route, thus giving hybrid materials with better electrochemical battery performance compared to materials generated by the latter method. Li ion extraction within the ordered 3D CNT/LiCoPO 4 composites seems to be a two‐step process and the Li intercalation a one‐step process, highlighting the enhanced kinetics of the Li insertion process in the 3D CNT/Li x CoPO 4 composite in comparison to a particulate mixture of Li x CoPO 4 that is typically present in a conventional carbon/LiCoPO 4 cathode composite system.