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Nanostructure Evolution: From Aggregated to Spherical SiO 2 Particles Made in Diffusion Flames
Author(s) -
Camenzind Adrian,
Schulz Heiko,
Teleki Alexandra,
Beaucage Gregory,
Narayanan Theyencheri,
Pratsinis Sotiris E.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
european journal of inorganic chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.667
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1099-0682
pISSN - 1434-1948
DOI - 10.1002/ejic.200701080
Subject(s) - small angle x ray scattering , chemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , diffusion , particle (ecology) , laminar flow , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , diffusion flame , particle size , scattering , chemical engineering , combustion , organic chemistry , thermodynamics , optics , combustor , physics , oceanography , engineering , geology
The formation of nanostructured silica particles by oxidation of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) in co‐annular diffusion flames is investigated by in‐situ small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). This enabled the nonintrusive monitoring of the mass fractal dimension, the aggregate size, and the number of primary particles per aggregate, along with the silica volume fraction, the primary particle diameter, the geometric standard deviation, and the number density along the flame axis. Parallel to this, thermophoretic sampling (TS) of the particles and analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowed for direct comparison of particle morphology to that obtained from the above SAXS analysis, which were compared also to the ultra‐small‐angle X‐ray scattering (USAXS) data for product particles collected from the filter. The flame temperature was measured by in‐situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. By increasing the oxygen flow rate, the laminar diffusion flame changed to a turbulent, premixed‐like flame. Non‐aggregated, spherical particles were formed in the former, while aggregates were formed in the latter flame. The relatively long high‐temperature particle residence times in the laminar diffusion flame facilitated sintering of the aggregates formed earlier into compact spherical particles at later stages of the flame.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)