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Mechanisms of CD8 + T cell‐mediated suppression of HIV/SIV replication
Author(s) -
McBrien Julia Bergild,
Kumar Nitasha A.,
Silvestri Guido
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
european journal of immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.272
H-Index - 201
eISSN - 1521-4141
pISSN - 0014-2980
DOI - 10.1002/eji.201747172
Subject(s) - viremia , biology , cd8 , virology , simian immunodeficiency virus , cytotoxic t cell , immunology , viral replication , cytolysis , virus , immune system , t cell , in vitro , genetics
Abstract In this article, we summarize the role of CD8 + T cells during natural and antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐treated HIV and SIV infections, discuss the mechanisms responsible for their suppressive activity, and review the rationale for CD8 + T cell‐based HIV cure strategies. Evidence suggests that CD8 + T cells are involved in the control of virus replication during HIV and SIV infections. During early HIV infection, the cytolytic activity of CD8 + T cells is responsible for control of viremia. However, it has been proposed that CD8 + T cells also use non‐cytolytic mechanisms to control SIV infection. More recently, CD8 + T cells were shown to be required to fully suppress virus production in ART‐treated SIV‐infected macaques, suggesting that CD8 + T cells are involved in the control of virus transcription in latently infected cells that persist under ART. A better understanding of the complex antiviral activities of CD8 + T cells during HIV/SIV infection will pave the way for immune interventions aimed at harnessing these functions to target the HIV reservoir.