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Efficacy of empagliflozin on heart failure and renal outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: data from the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial
Author(s) -
Böhm Michael,
Slawik Jonathan,
Brueckmann Martina,
Mattheus Michaela,
George Jyothis T.,
Ofstad Anne Pernille,
Inzucchi Silvio E.,
Fitchett David,
Anker Stefan D.,
Marx Nikolaus,
Wanner Christoph,
Zinman Bernard,
Verma Subodh
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
european journal of heart failure
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.149
H-Index - 133
eISSN - 1879-0844
pISSN - 1388-9842
DOI - 10.1002/ejhf.1663
Subject(s) - empagliflozin , medicine , hazard ratio , atrial fibrillation , heart failure , cardiology , confidence interval , clinical endpoint , diabetes mellitus , adverse effect , clinical trial , type 2 diabetes , endocrinology
Aims Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients with diabetes and heart failure (HF) and increases the future risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. This analysis from the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial explores CV and renal outcomes in patients with vs. without AF at baseline and assesses the benefits of empagliflozin. Methods and results Analyses were conducted on patients distinguished by the presence ( n = 389) or absence ( n = 6631) of AF at baseline. Outcome events were more frequent in patients with AF than those without AF. Empagliflozin compared to placebo reduced CV death or HF hospitalisation consistently in patients with AF [hazard ratio (HR) 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36–0.92] and without AF (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.55–0.82, P interaction = 0.56). Similar results were observed for the components of this endpoint, all‐cause mortality, new or worsening nephropathy, first introduction of loop diuretics, or occurrence of oedema. The absolute number of prevented events was higher in patients with AF, resulting in larger absolute treatment effects of empagliflozin. New loop diuretics or oedema were associated with increased rates of subsequent events, and rates appeared lower in those randomised to empagliflozin. Conclusions In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established CV disease, those with AF at baseline had higher rates of adverse HF outcomes than those without AF. Irrespective of the presence of AF, empagliflozin reduced HF‐related and renal events. The absolute number of prevented events is higher in patients with AF than without AF. Patients with diabetes, CV disease and AF may especially benefit from use of empagliflozin.