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The innate immune system in chronic cardiomyopathy: a European Society of Cardiology (ESC) scientific statement from the Working Group on Myocardial Function of the ESC
Author(s) -
Frantz Stefan,
FalcaoPires Ines,
Balligand JeanLuc,
Bauersachs Johann,
Brutsaert Dirk,
Ciccarelli Michele,
Dawson Dana,
de Windt Leon J.,
Giacca Mauro,
Hamdani Nazha,
HilfikerKleiner Denise,
Hirsch Emilio,
LeiteMoreira Adelino,
Mayr Manuel,
Thum Thomas,
Tocchetti Carlo G.,
van der Velden Jolanda,
Varricchi Gilda,
Heymans Stephane
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
european journal of heart failure
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.149
H-Index - 133
eISSN - 1879-0844
pISSN - 1388-9842
DOI - 10.1002/ejhf.1138
Subject(s) - medicine , immune system , cardiomyopathy , heart failure , innate immune system , diabetic cardiomyopathy , etiology , cardiology , disease , immunology
Activation of the immune system in heart failure (HF) has been recognized for over 20 years. Initially, experimental studies demonstrated a maladaptive role of the immune system. However, several phase III trials failed to show beneficial effects in HF with therapies directed against an immune activation. Preclinical studies today describe positive and negative effects of immune activation in HF. These different effects depend on timing and aetiology of HF. Therefore, herein we give a detailed review on immune mechanisms and their importance for the development of HF with a special focus on commonalities and differences between different forms of cardiomyopathies. The role of the immune system in ischaemic, hypertensive, diabetic, toxic, viral, genetic, peripartum, and autoimmune cardiomyopathy is discussed in depth. Overall, initial damage to the heart leads to disease specific activation of the immune system whereas in the chronic phase of HF overlapping mechanisms occur in different aetiologies.