Open AccessHierarchical Encapsulation and Rich sp 2 N Assist Sb 2 Se 3 ‐Based Conversion‐Alloying Anode for Long‐Life Sodium‐ and Potassium‐Ion Storage
Author(s) -
Chong Shaokun,
Ma Meng,
Yuan Lingling,
Qiao Shuangyan,
Dong Shihong,
Liu Huakun,
Dou Shixue
Publication year - 2023
Publication title -
energy and environmental materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2575-0356
DOI - 10.1002/eem2.12458
Subject(s) - anode , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , electrochemistry , potassium , materials science , sodium , transmission electron microscopy , electrode , chemical engineering , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , nanotechnology , metallurgy , engineering , chromatography
Sodium‐ and potassium‐ion batteries have exhibited great application potential in grid‐scale energy storage due to the abundant natural resources of Na and K. Conversion‐alloying anodes with high theoretical capacity and low‐operating voltage are ideal option for SIBs and PIBs but suffer the tremendous volume variations. Herein, a hierarchically structural design and sp 2 N‐doping assist a conversion‐alloying material, Sb 2 Se 3 , to achieve superior life span more than 1000 cycles. It is confirmed that the Sb 2 Se 3 evolves into nano grains that absorb on the sp 2 N sites and in situ form chemical bonding of C‐N‐Sb after initial discharge. Simulation results indicate that sp 2 N has more robust interaction with Sb and stronger adsorption capacities to Na + and K + than that of sp 3 N, which contributes to the durable cycling ability and high electrochemical activity, respectively. The ex situ transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results suggest that the Sb 2 Se 3 electrode experiences conversion‐alloying dual mechanisms based on 12‐electron transfer per formula unit.