Open AccessRecent Advances and Perspective on Design and Synthesis of Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Sensing of Heavy Metals
Author(s) -
Hou Huijie,
Zeinu Kemal M.,
Gao Shun,
Liu Bingchuan,
Yang Jiakuan,
Hu Jingping
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
energy and environmental materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2575-0356
DOI - 10.1002/eem2.12011
Subject(s) - nanotechnology , flexibility (engineering) , electrode , materials science , bismuth , environmentally friendly , chemically modified electrode , electrochemistry , process engineering , computer science , environmental science , working electrode , metallurgy , chemistry , engineering , ecology , biology , statistics , mathematics
The increase in release of toxic heavy metals into natural water attracts much attention due to its devastating effect on ecology and human health. The design and implementation of green electrode materials is pivotal for improving the electrochemical performance of in situ heavy metal monitoring. This work reviews various novel electrode materials and hybrid materials that improve electrochemical detection. Modified green and novel electrode materials offer better performance due to their improved deposition with wide linear and enhanced response under optimized sensing parameters. In particular, recent works related to gold, carbon materials, bismuth, and metal oxide‐based electrodes are reviewed. The environmentally friendly (“green”) characteristics, as well as their versatility and flexibility, are especially emphasized. In addition, synthesis methods and novel designs of electrode integration are highlighted. Most of the substantial achievements as well as breakthroughs in recent years are surveyed, and the challenges and prospective in this field are also identified.