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Beyond nutrients: a meta‐analysis of the diverse effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plants and soils
Author(s) -
Delavaux Camille S.,
SmithRamesh Lauren M.,
Kuebbing Sara E.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.144
H-Index - 294
eISSN - 1939-9170
pISSN - 0012-9658
DOI - 10.1002/ecy.1892
Subject(s) - nutrient , biology , mutualism (biology) , plant community , plant ecology , soil food web , agronomy , ecosystem , resistance (ecology) , phosphorus , soil water , ecology , soil biology , chemistry , organic chemistry , ecological succession
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( AMF ) can increase plant fitness under certain environmental conditions. Among the mechanisms that may drive this mutualism, the most studied is provisioning of nutrients by AMF in exchange for carbon from plant hosts. However, AMF may also provide a suite of non‐nutritional benefits to plants including improved water uptake, disease resistance, plant chemical defense, soil aggregation, and allelochemical transport and protection. Here, we use a meta‐analysis of 93 studies to assess the relative effect of AMF on nutritional and non‐nutritional factors that may influence plant fitness. We find that the positive effects of AMF on soil aggregation, water flow and disease resistance are equal to the effect of AMF on plant nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. However, AMF had no effect on the uptake of other nutrients, plant water content, allelopathic transport or production of chemical defense compounds. We suggest future research directions, including experimentally assessing the relative contribution on plant fitness of AMF interactions by untangling the independence of alternative benefits of AMF from an increase in nutrient uptake. This will lead to a more holistic view of the mycorrhizal‐plant association and a more accurate picture of the net impact on the plant or plant community in question.