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Audio Watermarking Based on Vector Quantization Index Modulation Using Audio Fingerprint
Author(s) -
NAKAYA SHOGO,
WADA SHIGEO
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
electronics and communications in japan
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.131
H-Index - 13
eISSN - 1942-9541
pISSN - 1942-9533
DOI - 10.1002/ecj.11651
Subject(s) - digital watermarking , watermark , robustness (evolution) , computer science , vector quantization , artificial intelligence , audio signal , quantization (signal processing) , codebook , speech recognition , sound quality , computer vision , speech coding , pattern recognition (psychology) , embedding , biochemistry , chemistry , image (mathematics) , gene
SUMMARY Development of high‐quality digital audio watermarking with robustness to data compression and watermark attacks such as cropping is an important research topic. Recently, an effective watermarking method using vector quantization index modulation (VQIM) was proposed to improve the watermark performance. In this paper, a new auditory‐band MDCT‐based VQIM‐type watermarking using audio fingerprint (AFP) is proposed to enhance the performance. The parameter values of VQIM are essential for audio quality and robustness, which are determined as individual codebook parameters. The parameters are estimated using AFP in the watermark detection process. In simulations, the effectiveness of the method was examined to show its robustness to watermark attacks. The audio quality was evaluated based on PEAQ.