Open AccessGenetic structure and dispersal in peripheral populations of a marine fish (Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus ) and their importance for adaptation to climate change
Author(s) -
Fisher Mary C.,
Helser Thomas E.,
Kang Sukyung,
Gwak Wooseok,
Canino Michael F.,
Hauser Lorenz
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
ecology and evolution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.17
H-Index - 63
ISSN - 2045-7758
DOI - 10.1002/ece3.8474
Subject(s) - biological dispersal , range (aeronautics) , biology , ecology , gadus , peninsula , gene flow , local adaptation , climate change , oceanography , population , fishery , genetic variation , fish <actinopterygii> , demography , sociology , geology , biochemistry , materials science , gene , composite material
Small and isolated peripheral populations, which are often remnants of glacial refugia, offer an opportunity to determine the magnitude and direction of fine‐scale connectivity in high gene flow marine species. When located at the equatorial edge of a species’ range, these populations may also harbor genetic diversity related to survival and reproduction at higher temperatures, a critical resource for marine species facing warming ocean temperatures. Pacific cod ( Gadus macrocephalus ), a marine fish in the North Pacific, has already experienced major shifts in biomass and distribution linked to climate change. We estimated the magnitude and direction of connectivity between peripheral populations of Pacific cod at the southern edge of the species’ range, by conducting restriction site‐associated DNA (RAD) sequencing and individual assignment on fish collected around the Korean Peninsula during the spawning season. Three populations on the western, eastern, and southern Korean coasts were highly differentiated ( F ST = 0.025–0.042) and relatively small ( N e = 433–1,777). Ten putative dispersers and estimates of contemporary migration rates revealed asymmetrical, west‐to‐east movement around the Korean Peninsula, at a higher rate than predicted by indirect estimates of connectivity ( F ST ). Allele frequencies at 87 RAD loci were decisively correlated with strong marine temperature gradients between the warmer southern coast and the cooler waters of the eastern and western coasts. Despite relatively small sample sizes, our data suggest asymmetrical dispersal and gene flow, potentially involving adaptive alleles, between peripheral populations inhabiting markedly different thermal regimes. Our study emphasizes the conservation value of peripheral populations in high gene flow marine fish species.