Open AccessMiocene diversification of a golden‐thread nanmu tree species ( Phoebe zhennan , Lauraceae) around the Sichuan Basin shaped by the East Asian monsoon
Author(s) -
Xiao JianHua,
Ding Xin,
Li Lang,
Ma Hui,
Ci XiuQin,
Merwe Marlien,
Conran John G.,
Li Jie
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
ecology and evolution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.17
H-Index - 63
ISSN - 2045-7758
DOI - 10.1002/ece3.6710
Subject(s) - ecology , phylogeography , geography , aridification , gene flow , endangered species , population , east asia , biogeography , east asian monsoon , evolutionary biology , biology , genetic diversity , monsoon , phylogenetic tree , china , climate change , archaeology , demography , biochemistry , sociology , habitat , gene , meteorology
Understanding the role of climate changes and geography as drivers of population divergence and speciation is a long‐standing goal of evolutionary biology and can inform conservation. In this study, we used restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) to evaluate genetic diversity, population structure, and infer demographic history of the endangered tree, Phoebe zhennan which is distributed around the Sichuan Basin. Genomic patterns revealed two distinct clusters, each largely confined to the West and East. Despite sympatry of the two genomic clusters at some sites, individuals show little or no evidence of genomic introgression. Demographic modeling supported an initial divergence time between the West and East lineages at ~15.08 Ma with further diversification within the West lineage at ~7.12 Ma. These times largely coincide with the two independent intensifications of the East Asian monsoon that were initiated during the middle (Langhian) and late Miocene (Messinian), respectively. These results suggest that the Miocene intensification phases of the East Asian monsoon played a pivotal role in shaping the current landscape‐level patterns of genetic diversity within P. zhennan , as has been found for the interspecific divergence of other subtropical Chinese plants. Based on isolation‐by‐distance and species distribution modeling, we hypothesize that P. zhennan followed a ring diversification which was facilitated by the Sichuan Basin acting as barrier to gene flow. In situ and ex situ conservation management plans should consider the results obtained in this study to help secure the future of this beautiful and culturally significant endangered tree.