Open AccessHybridization and population structure of the C ulex pipiens complex in the islands of M acaronesia
Author(s) -
Gomes Bruno,
Alves Joana,
Sousa Carla A.,
SantaAna Marta,
Vieira Inês,
Silva Teresa L.,
Almeida António P.G.,
Donnelly Martin J.,
Pinto João
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
ecology and evolution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.17
H-Index - 63
ISSN - 2045-7758
DOI - 10.1002/ece3.307
Subject(s) - introgression , biology , cape verde , population , hybrid , reproductive isolation , hybrid zone , phylogeography , range (aeronautics) , zoology , ecology , species complex , subtropics , phylogenetic tree , gene flow , genetic variation , genetics , botany , gene , ethnology , demography , materials science , sociology , composite material , history
The C ulex pipiens complex includes two widespread mosquito vector species, C x. pipiens and C x. quinquefasciatus . The distribution of these species varies in latitude, with the former being present in temperate regions and the latter in tropical and subtropical regions. However, their distribution range overlaps in certain areas and interspecific hybridization has been documented. Genetic introgression between these species may have epidemiological repercussions for West Nile virus ( WNV ) transmission. Bayesian clustering analysis based on multilocus genotypes of 12 microsatellites was used to determine levels of hybridization between these two species in Macaronesian islands, the only contact zone described in West Africa. The distribution of the two species reflects both the islands' biogeography and historical aspects of human colonization. Madeira Island displayed a homogenous population of C x. pipiens , whereas Cape Verde showed a more intriguing scenario with extensive hybridization. In the islands of Brava and Santiago, only C x. quinquefasciatus was found, while in Fogo and Maio high hybrid rates (~40%) between the two species were detected. Within the admixed populations, second‐generation hybrids (~50%) were identified suggesting a lack of isolation mechanisms. The observed levels of hybridization may locally potentiate the transmission to humans of zoonotic arboviruses such as WNV .