Open AccessAssessment of microsatellite and SNP markers for parentage assignment in ex situ African Penguin ( Spheniscus demersus ) populations
Author(s) -
Labuschagne Christiaan,
Nupen Lisa,
Kotzé Antoinette,
Grobler Paul J.,
Dalton Desiré L.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
ecology and evolution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.17
H-Index - 63
ISSN - 2045-7758
DOI - 10.1002/ece3.1600
Subject(s) - microsatellite , biology , snp , ex situ conservation , captive breeding , evolutionary biology , single nucleotide polymorphism , endangered species , conservation genetics , genetics , ecology , allele , genotype , gene , habitat
Abstract Captive management of ex situ populations of endangered species is traditionally based on pedigree information derived from studbook data. However, molecular methods could provide a powerful set of complementary tools to verify studbook records and also contribute to improving the understanding of the genetic status of captive populations. Here, we compare the utility of single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNP s) and microsatellites ( MS ) and two analytical methods for assigning parentage in ten families of captive African penguins held in South African facilities. We found that SNP s performed better than microsatellites under both analytical frameworks, but a combination of all markers was most informative. A subset of combined SNP ( n = 14) and MS loci ( n = 10) provided robust assessments of parentage. Captive or supportive breeding programs will play an important role in future African penguin conservation efforts as a source of individuals for reintroduction. Cooperation among these captive facilities is essential to facilitate this process and improve management. This study provided us with a useful set of SNP and MS markers for parentage and relatedness testing among these captive populations. Further assessment of the utility of these markers over multiple (>3) generations and the incorporation of a larger variety of relationships among individuals (e.g., half‐siblings or cousins) is strongly suggested.