Open AccessEffect of age‐based and environment‐based cues on reproductive investment in Gambusia affinis
Author(s) -
Billman Eric J.,
Belk Mark C.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
ecology and evolution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.17
H-Index - 63
ISSN - 2045-7758
DOI - 10.1002/ece3.1055
Subject(s) - reproduction , biology , gambusia , reproductive success , investment (military) , demography , life history theory , zoology , ecology , life history , population , fish <actinopterygii> , fishery , sociology , politics , political science , law
We examined the multivariate life‐history trajectories of age 0 and age 1 female Gambusia affinis to determine relative effects of age‐based and environment‐based cues on reproductive investment. Age 0 females decreased reproductive investment prior to the onset of fall and winter months, while age 1 females increased reproductive investment as the summer progressed. The reproductive restraint and terminal investment patterns exhibited by age 0 and age 1 females, respectively, were consistent with the predictions from the cost of reproduction hypothesis. Age 0 females responded to environment‐based cues, decreasing reproductive investment to increase the probability of overwinter survival and subsequent reproductive opportunities in the following summer. Age 1 females responded to age‐based cues, or the proximity of death, increasing investment to current reproduction as future reproductive opportunities decreased late in life. Thus, individuals use multiple cues to determine the level of reproductive investment, and the response to each cue is dependent on the age of an individual.