Factors related to length of stay, referral on discharge and hospital readmission for children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa

Objective This study examined factors related to hospital length of stay (LOS), reported referral on discharge, and hospital readmission, for children and adolescents (C&A) admitted to public hospitals for anorexia nervosa (AN), in a large health jurisdiction in Australia. Method Sociodemographic, illness, treatment, and hospital factors associated with LOS, reported referral to post‐hospital treatment, and readmission within 28 days were analyzed for C&A with AN admitted to all New South Wales public hospitals in 2017, using median, multinomial logit and logit models. The sample comprised 289 admissions by 200 C&A aged 9–18 years with a primary or secondary diagnosis of AN. Results AN as a primary diagnosis and the presence of some physical and mental co‐occurring conditions (e.g., malnutrition and obsessive–compulsive disorders) conferred a longer LOS. The majority of admissions were recorded being referred to primary care physicians (59.86%) and relatively small numbers to outpatient mental health services (5.54%) or outpatient eating disorder services (8.30%), with age, area socioeconomic status, and illness factors related to referral type. Male, low socioeconomic status, the presence of some co‐occurring illnesses (e.g., adjustment disorder and viral infection), and rural or remote locations increased the likelihood of readmission. Discussion The findings have implications for service design, in particular the pathway to care from hospital into community for AN. Targeted interventions should consider recognizing and treating physical co‐occurring illnesses at presentation to the health system, ensuring appropriate referral to community services, and providing services in socioeconomically disadvantaged and rural or remote areas.