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Impact of expanded diagnostic criteria for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder on clinical comparisons with anorexia nervosa
Author(s) -
Becker Kendra R.,
Keshishian Ani C.,
Liebman Rachel E.,
Coniglio Kathryn A.,
Wang Shirley B.,
Franko Debra L.,
Eddy Kamryn T.,
Thomas Jennifer J.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
international journal of eating disorders
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.785
H-Index - 138
eISSN - 1098-108X
pISSN - 0276-3478
DOI - 10.1002/eat.22988
Subject(s) - neophobia , anorexia nervosa , psychosocial , eating disorders , anxiety , psychology , bulimia nervosa , anorexia , depression (economics) , psychiatry , clinical psychology , pediatrics , medicine , pathology , economics , macroeconomics
Objective Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and anorexia nervosa (AN) are restrictive eating disorders. There is a proposal before the American Psychiatric Association to broaden the current DSM‐5 criteria for ARFID, which currently require dietary intake that is inadequate to support energy or nutritional needs. We compared the clinical presentations of ARFID and AN in an outpatient sample to determine how a more inclusive definition of ARFID, heterogeneous for age and weight status, is distinct from AN. Methods As part of standard care, 138 individuals with AN or ARFID completed an online assessment battery and agreed to include their responses in research. Results Individuals with ARFID were younger, reported earlier age of onset, and had higher percent median BMI (%mBMI) than those with AN (all p s < .001). Individuals with ARFID scored lower on measures of eating pathology, depression, anxiety, and clinical impairment (all p s < .05), but did not differ from those with AN on restrictive eating ( p = .52), and scored higher on food neophobia ( p < .001). Discussion Allowing psychosocial impairment to be sufficient for an ARFID diagnosis resulted in a clinical picture of ARFID such that %mBMI was higher (and in the normal range) compared with AN. Differences in gender distribution, age, and age of onset remained consistent with previous research. Both groups reported similar levels of dietary restriction, although ARFID can be distinguished by relatively higher levels of food neophobia. Currently available measures of eating pathology may capture certain ARFID symptoms, but highlight the need for measures of impairment relative to ARFID.