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Early development of children at familial risk for Dyslexia—follow‐up from birth to school age
Author(s) -
Lyytinen H.,
Ahonen T.,
Eklund K.,
Guttorm T.,
Kulju P.,
Laakso M.L.,
Leiwo M.,
Leppänen P.,
Lyytinen P.,
Poikkeus A.M.,
Richardson U.,
Torppa M.,
Viholainen H.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
dyslexia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.694
H-Index - 51
eISSN - 1099-0909
pISSN - 1076-9242
DOI - 10.1002/dys.274
Subject(s) - dyslexia , psychology , developmental psychology , phonological awareness , reading (process) , pronunciation , language delay , reliability (semiconductor) , reading disability , language development , linguistics , literacy , pedagogy , philosophy , power (physics) , physics , quantum mechanics
We review the main findings of the Jyväskylä of Dyslexia (JLD) which follows the development of children at familial risk for dyslexia ( N = 107) and their controls ( N = 93). We will illustrate the development of these two groups of children at ages from birth to school entry in the skill domains that have been connected to reading and reading disability in the prior literature. At school entry, the highest score on the decoding task among the poorer half (median) of the at risk children—i.e. of those presumably being most likely genetically affected—is 1 SD below the mean of the control group. Thus, the familial risk for dyslexia shows expected consequences. Among the earliest measures in which group differences as well as significant predictive associations with the first steps in reading have emerged, are indices of speech processing in infancy. Likewise, various measures of early language including pronunciation accuracy, phonological, and morphological skills (but not performance IQ) show both group differences and predictive correlations, the majority of which become stronger as the reliability of the measures increases by age. Predictive relationships tend to be strong in general but higher in the at risk group because of its larger variance in both the predictor variables and in the dependent measures, such as early acquisition of reading. The results are thus promising in increasing our understanding needed for early identification and prevention of dyslexia. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.