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Outcomes of in vitro fertilization with frozen‐thawed sperm: An analysis of post‐thaw recovery of sperm, embryogenesis, offspring morphology, and skeletogenesis for a cyprinid fish
Author(s) -
Zadmajid Vahid,
Falahipour Elham,
Ghaderi Edris,
Sørensen Sune Riis,
Butts Ian Anthony Ernest
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
developmental dynamics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.634
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1097-0177
pISSN - 1058-8388
DOI - 10.1002/dvdy.37
Subject(s) - sperm , biology , andrology , cryopreservation , embryogenesis , human fertilization , anatomy , embryo , gamete , microbiology and biotechnology , botany , medicine
Background Gamete cryopreservation causes cellular damage and death. This study develops cryopreservation techniques for Levantine scraper, and deciphers how early offspring development is affected when eggs are sired with fresh and frozen‐thawed sperm. Results Cryopreserved sperm did not affect embryogenesis at two‐ and four‐cell stages, but impaired embryonic development at eight‐cell stage. Embryonic viability decreased at organogenesis, where only 34‐49% of embryos showed viability with frozen‐thawed sperm. Hatching success and percentage of normal hatched embryos declined when fertilized with frozen‐thawed sperm. Considering only frozen‐thawed cells the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)‐5%, methanol (METH)‐5%, and METH‐10% treatments yielded highest hatch, while METH‐5% and propylene glycol‐5% yielded the most normal hatched embryos. Larval spinal torsion was higher for fresh than frozen‐thawed sperm, where larvae with spinal torsion showed vertebral fusion and shape alterations during exogenous feeding. Both fresh and cryopreserved treatments showed abnormalities in caudal skeleton, while rates of defective yolk‐sacs were higher for cryopreserved sperm, where larvae with defective yolks showed oversized yolk extension. Percentage of larvae with defective heads/eyes were also higher for cryopreserved sperm. Conclusions Results show how frozen‐thawed sperm impairs embryonic/larvae development and identifies frequency and position of abnormalities. Future studies should investigate how sperm DNA damage may have caused these alterations.