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Endochondral ossification in hindlimbs during bufo gargarizans metamorphosis: A model of studying skeletal development in vertebrates
Author(s) -
Gao Jinshu,
Li Xinyi,
Zhang Yuhui,
Wang Hongyuan
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
developmental dynamics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.634
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1097-0177
pISSN - 1058-8388
DOI - 10.1002/dvdy.24669
Subject(s) - endochondral ossification , biology , ossification , chondrocyte , anatomy , metamorphosis , sox9 , cartilage , intramembranous ossification , axial skeleton , gene , gene expression , genetics , botany , larva
Background Endochondral ossification, the process by which most of the skeleton is formed, is accurately regulated by many specific groups of molecules and extracellular matrix components. The molecular mechanisms of endochondral ossification have been extensively investigated in mammals. However, there are few studies about it in amphibians. Results Ossification of femur and tibiofibula was observed at Gs 40, and tarsals and metatarsals were ossified at Gs 42. Most of the skeletons in hindlimbs were completely ossified except for articular cartilages at Gs 46. Thirty‐two genes related to endochondral ossification were found in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) library of hindlimbs, and nine of these genes were validated by qRT‐PCR during metamorphosis. Sox9 was expressed in the columnar, prehypertrophic, and upper hypertrophic zones, and the expression of Ihh was observed in prehypertrophic chondrocyte zone in hindlimbs of B. gargarizans . Conclusions The ossification of hindlimbs increased gradually, and the ossification sequence was from proximal to distal in B. gargarizans during metamorphosis. Thirty‐two genes found in the DEGs library were related to the regulation of endochondral ossification of hindlimbs in amphibians. The present study will provide a valuable genomic resource for the future study of endochondral ossification in amphibian. Developmental Dynamics 247:1121‐1134, 2018 . © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.