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Transcriptional changes in chick wing bud polarization induced by retinoic acid
Author(s) -
Pickering Joseph,
Wali Neha,
Towers Matthew
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
developmental dynamics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.634
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1097-0177
pISSN - 1058-8388
DOI - 10.1002/dvdy.24543
Subject(s) - retinoic acid , sonic hedgehog , biology , zone of polarizing activity , limb bud , retinoic acid inducible orphan g protein coupled receptor , retinoic acid receptor gamma , retinoic acid receptor , transcription (linguistics) , microbiology and biotechnology , transcription factor , tretinoin , limb development , retinoic acid receptor beta , bone morphogenetic protein 4 , cellular differentiation , genetics , gene , signal transduction , mesoderm , embryonic stem cell , linguistics , philosophy , embryo
Background : Retinoic acid is implicated in the induction of the gene encoding Sonic hedgehog (Shh) that specifies anteroposterior positional values and promotes growth of the developing limb bud. However, because retinoic acid is involved in limb initiation, it has been difficult to determine if it could have additional roles in anteroposterior patterning. To investigate this, we implanted retinoic acid–soaked beads to the anterior margin of the chick wing bud and performed microarray analyses prior to onset of Shh expression. Results: Retinoic acid up‐regulates expression of Hoxd11‐13 that encode transcription factors implicated in inducing Shh transcription and that are involved in digit development. In our assay, retinoic acid induces Shh transcription and, consequently, a new pattern of digits at a much later stage than anticipated. Retinoic acid represses many anteriorly expressed genes, including Bmp4, Lhx9, Msx2 , and Alx4 . We provide evidence that retinoic acid influences transcription via induction of dHAND and inhibition of Gli3 to establish a new anteroposterior pre‐pattern. We show that transient exposure to retinoic acid can suppress distal development and expedite cells to transcriptionally respond to Shh. Conclusions: Our findings reveal how retinoic acid and Shh signaling could cooperate in anteroposterior patterning of the limb. Developmental Dynamics 246:682–690, 2017 . © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.