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Myogenic waves and myogenic programs during Xenopus embryonic myogenesis
Author(s) -
Della Gaspera Bruno,
Armand AnneSophie,
Sequeira Inés,
Chesneau Albert,
Mazabraud André,
Lécolle Sylvie,
Charbonnier Frédéric,
Chanoine Christophe
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
developmental dynamics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.634
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1097-0177
pISSN - 1058-8388
DOI - 10.1002/dvdy.23780
Subject(s) - myf5 , myogenin , myod , myogenesis , myotome , myogenic regulatory factors , biology , xenopus , pax3 , microbiology and biotechnology , myocyte , population , anatomy , embryogenesis , genetics , somite , embryo , transcription factor , gene , demography , sociology
Background: Although Xenopus is a key model organism in developmental biology, little is known about the myotome formation in this species. Here, we assessed the expression of myogenic regulatory factors of the Myod family (MRFs) during embryonic development and revealed distinct MRF programs. Results: The expression pattern of each MRF during embryonic development highlights three successive myogenic waves. We showed that a first median and lateral myogenesis initiates before dermomyotome formation: the median cell population expresses Myf5 , Myod , and Mrf4 , whereas the lateral one expresses Myod , moderate levels of Myogenin and Mrf4 . The second wave of myoblasts arising from the dermomyotome is characterized by the full MRF program expression, with high levels of Myogenin . The third wave is revealed by Myf5 expression in the myotome and could contribute to the formation of plurinucleated fibers at larval stages. Furthermore, Myf5 ‐ or Myod ‐expressing anlagen are identified in craniofacial myogenesis. Conclusions: The first median and lateral myogenesis and their associated MRF programs have probably disappeared in mammals. However, some aspects of Xenopus myogenesis have been conserved such as the development of somitic muscles by successive myogenic waves and the existence of Myf5 ‐dependent and ‐independent lineages. Developmental Dynamics 241:995–1007, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.