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Interactions between SOX factors and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in development and disease
Author(s) -
Kormish Jay D.,
Sinner Débora,
Zorn Aaron M.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
developmental dynamics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.634
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1097-0177
pISSN - 1058-8388
DOI - 10.1002/dvdy.22046
Subject(s) - wnt signaling pathway , biology , lrp6 , transcription factor , beta catenin , microbiology and biotechnology , repressor , catenin , gene , lrp5 , genetics , signal transduction , promoter , transcription (linguistics) , gene expression , linguistics , philosophy
The SOX family of transcription factors have emerged as modulators of canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in diverse development and disease contexts. There are over 20 SOX proteins encoded in the vertebrate genome and recent evidence suggests that many of these can physically interact with β‐catenin and modulate the transcription of Wnt‐target genes. The precise mechanisms by which SOX proteins regulate β‐catenin/TCF activity are still being resolved and there is evidence to support a number of models including: protein–protein interactions, the binding of SOX factors to Wnt‐target gene promoters, the recruitment of co‐repressors or co‐activators, modulation of protein stability, and nuclear translocation. In some contexts, Wnt signaling also regulates SOX expression resulting in feedback regulatory loops that fine‐tune cellular responses to β‐catenin/TCF activity. In this review, we summarize the examples of Sox–Wnt interactions and examine the underlying mechanisms of this potentially widespread and underappreciated mode of Wnt‐regulation. Developmental Dynamics 239:56–68, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.