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A spatiotemporal evaluation of the contribution of the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion to cardiac development
Author(s) -
Snarr Brian S.,
Wirrig Elaine E.,
Phelps Aimee L.,
Trusk Thomas C.,
Wessels Andy
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
developmental dynamics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.634
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1097-0177
pISSN - 1058-8388
DOI - 10.1002/dvdy.21074
Subject(s) - neural crest , mesenchyme , mesenchymal stem cell , heart development , biology , anatomy , atrioventricular canal , mesoderm , microbiology and biotechnology , pathology , embryo , embryonic stem cell , heart disease , medicine , genetics , gene
The mesenchymal tissues involved in cardiac septation are derived from different sources. In addition to endocardial‐derived mesenchyme, the heart also receives contributions from the neural crest, the proepicardium, and the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion (DMP). Whereas the contributions of the neural crest and proepicardium have been thoroughly studied, the DMP has received little attention. Here, we present the results of a comprehensive spatiotemporal study of the DMP in cardiac development. Using the Tie2‐Cre mouse, immunohistochemistry, and AMIRA reconstructions, we show that the DMP, in combination with the mesenchymal cap on the primary atrial septum, fuse with the major atrioventricular cushions to close the primary atrial foramen and to form the atrioventricular mesenchymal complex. In this complex, the DMP constitutes a discrete prominent mesenchymal component, wedged in between the major cushions. This new model for atrioventricular septation may provide novel insights into understanding the etiology of congenital cardiac malformations. Developmental Dynamics 236:1287–1294, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.