Premium
Spatio‐temporal expression of MRF4 transcripts and protein during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis
Author(s) -
Della Gaspera Bruno,
Sequeira Ines,
Charbonnier Frederic,
Becker Christel,
Shi DeLi,
Chanoine Christophe
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
developmental dynamics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.634
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1097-0177
pISSN - 1058-8388
DOI - 10.1002/dvdy.20628
Subject(s) - biology , xenopus , somite , embryo , in situ hybridization , mesoderm , embryogenesis , microbiology and biotechnology , neurula , messenger rna , cloning (programming) , gene , genetics , gastrulation , embryonic stem cell , computer science , programming language
Whereas there have been extensive studies of the expression of XMyf5 and XMyoD during Xenopus embryogenesis, nothing is known about the spatio‐temporal accumulation of XMRF4 transcripts and protein. In this report, we describe the cloning and characterization of two full‐length MRF4 cDNAs and of their proximal promoters in Xenopus laevis . The comparison of the relative transcript levels of the XMRF4‐a and ‐b genes in developing and adult muscles is highly suggestive of specific functions for the corresponding XMRF4 proteins. Whole‐mount embryo in situ hybridization revealed the first XMRF4 transcripts in the more differentiated anterior myocytes of the embryo when the myosin heavy chain E3 mRNA begins to be detectable. XMRF4 mRNA accumulation later extended posteriorly but was never detected in the posterior unsegmented mesoderm, in contrast to XMyoD and XMyf‐5. Whole‐mount embryo immunohistochemistry revealed that XMRF4 protein accumulated in somite nuclei slightly after XMRF4 transcripts. Developmental Dynamics 235:524–529, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.