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Comparative analysis of the natriuretic peptide precursor gene cluster in vertebrates reveals loss of ANF and retention of CNP‐3 in chicken
Author(s) -
Houweling Arjan C.,
Somi Semir,
Massink Maarten P.G.,
Groenen Martien A.,
Moorman Antoon F.M.,
Christoffels Vincent M.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
developmental dynamics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.634
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1097-0177
pISSN - 1058-8388
DOI - 10.1002/dvdy.20423
Subject(s) - biology , gene cluster , gene , natriuretic peptide , gene expression , npr2 , npr1 , phylogenetic tree , peptide , microbiology and biotechnology , medicine , genetics , biochemistry , heart failure
Abstract We identified and characterized the chicken natriuretic peptide precursor gene cluster and found its organization to be highly conserved compared with the mammalian Nppb‐Nppa cluster. However, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the putative chicken natriuretic peptide precursor genes are the homologues of CNP‐3 and Nppb , respectively. Comparative expression analysis revealed that, in human, mouse, and rat hearts, Nppb is a novel marker for the differentiating working myocardium. Its expression pattern is strikingly similar to that of Nppa before birth, and diverges only after birth. In contrast, whereas the chicken Nppb gene expression profile resembled that of mammalian Nppb , the CNP‐3 gene showed very limited expression in the heart, not resembling the pattern of either Nppa or Nppb . These results show that, in chicken, the Nppa gene has been lost from the natriuretic peptide precursor gene cluster, whereas the CNP‐3 gene has been retained. Developmental Dynamics 233:1076–1082, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.