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Methods for introducing morpholinos into the chicken embryo
Author(s) -
Kos Robert,
Tucker Richard P.,
Hall Ronelle,
Duong Tuan D.,
Erickson Carol A.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
developmental dynamics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.634
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1097-0177
pISSN - 1058-8388
DOI - 10.1002/dvdy.10254
Subject(s) - morpholino , biology , embryo , microbiology and biotechnology , zebrafish , genetics , gene
The use of antisense morpholino oligos to inhibit the translation of a target transcript has been applied recently to studies of the chicken embryo. In contrast to other developmental systems such as in frog, sea urchin, and zebrafish that permit the direct microinjection of morpholinos into a blastomere, square pulse electroporation is used to introduce fluorescently tagged morpholinos into specific populations of chick embryo cells in ovo. This article reviews the methods that have proven successful, the types of controls that are necessary when performing knockdowns of gene expression in the chick embryo, and discusses the limitations of the current technique, as well as directions for further research. Developmental Dynamics 226:000–000, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.