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Systematic evaluation of a panel of 30 synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists structurally related to MMB‐4en‐PICA, MDMB‐4en‐PINACA, ADB‐4en‐PINACA, and MMB‐4CN‐BUTINACA using a combination of binding and different CB 1 receptor activation assays: Part I—Synthesis, analytical characterization, and binding affinity for human CB 1 receptors
Author(s) -
Pike Edward,
Grafinger Katharina Elisabeth,
Cannaert Annelies,
Ametovski Adam,
Luo Jia Lin,
Sparkes Eric,
Cairns Elizabeth A.,
Ellison Ross,
Gerona Roy,
Stove Christophe P.,
Auwärter Volker,
Banister Samuel D.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
drug testing and analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.065
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1942-7611
pISSN - 1942-7603
DOI - 10.1002/dta.3037
Subject(s) - cannabinoid , synthetic cannabinoids , cannabinoid receptor , chemistry , cannabinoid receptor agonists , pharmacology , receptor , medicine , biochemistry , agonist
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are one of the largest and most structurally diverse classes of new psychoactive substances (NPS). Despite this, pharmacological data are often lacking following the identification of a new SCRA in drug markets. In this first of a three‐part series, we describe the synthesis, analytical characterization, and binding affinity of a proactively generated, systematic library of 30 indole, indazole, and 7‐azaindole SCRAs related to MMB‐4en‐PICA, MDMB‐4en‐PINACA, ADB‐4en‐PINACA, and MMB‐4CN‐BUTINACA featuring a 4‐pentenyl (4en‐P), butyl (B/BUT), or 4‐cyanobutyl (4CN‐B/BUT) tail and a methyl l ‐valinate (MMB), methyl l ‐ tert ‐leucinate (MDMB), methyl l ‐phenylalaninate (MPP), l ‐valinamide (AB), l ‐ tert ‐leucinamide (ADB), l ‐phenylalaninamide (APP), adamantyl (A), or cumyl head group. Competitive radioligand binding assays demonstrated that the indazole core conferred the highest CB 1 binding affinity ( K i = 0.17–39 nM), followed by indole‐ ( K i = 0.95–160 nM) and then 7‐azaindole‐derived SCRAs ( K i = 5.4–271 nM). Variation of the head group had the greatest effect on binding, with tert ‐leucine amides and methyl esters ( K i = 0.17–14 nM) generally showing the greatest affinities, followed by valine derivatives ( K i = 0.72–180 nM), and then phenylalanine derivatives ( K i = 2.5–271 nM). Adamantyl head groups ( K i = 8.8–59 nM) were suboptimal for binding, whereas the cumyl analogues consistently conferred high affinity ( K i = 0.62–36 nM). Finally, both butyl ( K i = 3.1–163 nM) and 4‐cyanobutyl ( K i = 5.5–44 nM) tail groups were less favorable for CB 1 binding than their corresponding 4‐pentenyl counterparts ( K i = 0.72–25 nM).