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Acute toxicity and withdrawal syndromes related to gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its analogues gamma‐butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4‐butanediol (1,4‐BD)
Author(s) -
Wood David M.,
Brailsford Alan D.,
Dargan Paul I.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
drug testing and analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.065
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1942-7611
pISSN - 1942-7603
DOI - 10.1002/dta.292
Subject(s) - gamma hydroxybutyrate , 1,4 butanediol , toxicity , acute toxicity , pharmacology , drug , medicine , chemistry , toxicology , biology , biochemistry , catalysis
Gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) has been used as a recreational drug since the 1990s and over the last few years there has been increasing use of its analogues gamma‐butyrolactone (GBL) and to a lesser extent 1,4‐butanediol (1,4BD). This review will summarize the literature on the pharmacology of these compounds; the patterns and management of acute toxicity associated with their use; and the clinical patterns of presentation and management of chronic dependency associated with GHB and its analogues. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.