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Detection and identification of ACP‐105 and its metabolites in equine urine using LC/MS/MS after oral administration
Author(s) -
Subhahar Michael Benedict,
Karakka Kal Abdul Khader,
Philip Moses,
K. Karatt Tajudheen,
N. Ibrahimwaseem,
Vazhat Ramees Abdulla,
M.P. Muhammed Ajeebsanu
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
drug testing and analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.065
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1942-7611
pISSN - 1942-7603
DOI - 10.1002/dta.2918
Subject(s) - chemistry , metabolite , urine , fragmentation (computing) , chromatography , pharmacology , biochemistry , biology , ecology
ACP‐105 is a novel nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) with a tissue‐specific agonist effect and does not have side effects associated with the use of common androgens. This research reports a comprehensive study for the detection of ACP‐105 and its metabolites in racehorses after oral administration (in vivo) and postulating its structures using mass spectrometric techniques. To obtain the metabolic profile of ACP‐105, a selective and reliable LC‐MS/MS method was developed. The chemical structures of the metabolites were determined based on their fragmentation pattern, accurate mass, and retention time. Under the current experimental condition, a total of 19 metabolites were detected in ACP‐105 drug administered equine urine samples. The study results suggest the following: (1) ACP‐105 is prone to oxidation, which gives corresponding monohydroxylated, dihydroxylated, and trihydroxylated metabolites; (2) along with oxidation, there is a possibility of elimination of water molecule (dehydration) from the third position of the tropine moiety, resulting in the dehydrated analogs of corresponding monohydroxylated, dihydroxylated, and trihydroxylated metabolites; (3) from the study on the metabolites using LC‐MS/MS, it is clear that the fragmentation pattern is identical and a great number of fragment ions are common in all the metabolites and the parent drug. (4) The ACP‐105 and its metabolites were detected for up to 72 h; thus, the result is a valuable tool for evaluating its use and/or misuse in sport.