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Characterization of microbial contaminants in urine
Author(s) -
Ojanperä Suvi,
Lein Antti,
Apajalahti Juha,
Lauraeus Marko,
Alaja Susanna,
Moisander Teija,
Kettunen Anu
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
drug testing and analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.065
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1942-7611
pISSN - 1942-7603
DOI - 10.1002/dta.202
Subject(s) - urine , contamination , bacteria , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , feces , chemistry , ecology , biochemistry , genetics
Modern, molecular microbiological methods were applied to urine samples from control subjects and athletes for characterization of the microbial community. High abundance of lactobacilli, enterococci, and enterobacteria was detected in urine samples, suggesting that gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts act as contamination sources. Athlete samples, but not control samples, showed an abundance of pseudomonads, a bacterial group reported to metabolize steroids. Overall, the bacteria detected are known to be capable of altering steroid profiles, emphasizing the importance of good hygiene at sampling in reliable doping control. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.