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Development of criteria for the detection of adrenosterone administration by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and gas chromatography‐combustion‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry for doping control
Author(s) -
Brooker Lance,
Parr Maria Kristina,
Cawley Adam,
Flenker Ulrich,
Howe Christopher,
Kazlauskas Rymantas,
Schänzer Wilhelm,
George Adrian
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
drug testing and analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.065
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1942-7611
pISSN - 1942-7603
DOI - 10.1002/dta.108
Subject(s) - chemistry , isotope ratio mass spectrometry , gas chromatography , chromatography , urine , mass spectrometry , gas chromatography–mass spectrometry , cortisone , population , endocrinology , biochemistry , medicine , environmental health
Adrenosterone (androst‐4‐ene‐3,11,17‐trione, 11‐oxoandrostenedione) is an endogenous steroid hormone that has been promoted as a dietary supplement capable of reducing body fat and increasing muscle mass. It is proposed that adrenosterone may function as an inhibitor of the 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme (11β‐HSD1), which is primarily responsible for reactivation of cortisol from cortisone. The urinary metabolism of adrenosterone was investigated, after a single oral administration in two male subjects, by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and gas chromatography‐combustion‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC‐C‐IRMS). Substantially increased excretion of 11β‐hydroxyandrosterone, 11β‐hydroxyetiocholanolone, 11‐oxoandrosterone and 11‐oxoetiocholanolone was observed. Minor metabolites such as 3α,17β‐dihydroxy‐5β‐androstan‐11‐one, 3α‐hydroxyandrost‐4‐ene‐11,17‐dione and 3α,11β‐dihydroxyandrost‐4‐en‐17‐one were also identified. The exogenous origin of the most abundant adrenosterone metabolites was confirmed by GC‐C‐IRMS according to World Anti‐Doping Agency criteria. Through analysis of a reference population data set obtained from urine samples provided by elite athlete volunteers ( n = 85), GC‐MS doping control screening criteria are proposed: 11β‐hydroxyandrosterone concentration greater than 10 000 ng/mL (specific gravity adjusted to 1.020) or11β‐hydroxyandrosterone/11β‐hydroxyetiocholanolone ratio greater than 20.Urine samples fulfilling these screening criteria may be subjected to GC‐C‐IRMS analysis for confirmation of adrenosterone administration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.