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Effect of astrocyte‐targeted production of IL‐6 on traumatic brain injury and its impact on the cortical transcriptome
Author(s) -
Quintana Albert,
Molinero Amalia,
Borup Rehannah,
Nielsen Finn Cilius,
Campbell Iain L.,
Penkowa Milena,
Hidalgo Juan
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
developmental neurobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.716
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1932-846X
pISSN - 1932-8451
DOI - 10.1002/dneu.20584
Subject(s) - biology , astrocyte , neuroinflammation , transcriptome , gene expression , phenotype , cortex (anatomy) , neuroscience , microbiology and biotechnology , microglia , oxidative stress , gene , immunology , inflammation , endocrinology , genetics , central nervous system
Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is one of the key players in the response of the brain cortex to injury. We have described previously that astrocyte‐driven production of IL‐6 (GFAP‐IL6) in transgenic mice, although causing spontaneous neuroinflammation and long term damage, is beneficial after an acute (freeze) injury in the cortex, increasing healing and decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis. To determine the transcriptional basis for these responses here we analyzed the global gene expression profile of the cortex, at 0 (unlesioned), 1 or 4 days post lesion (dpl), in both GFAP‐IL6 mice and their control littermates. GFAP‐IL6 mice showed an increase in genes associated with the inflammatory response both at 1 dpl ( Iftm1 , Endod1 ) and 4 dpl ( Gfap , C4b ), decreased expression of proapoptotic genes (i.e. Gadd45b , Clic4, p21 ) as well as reduced expression of genes involved in the control of oxidative stress ( Atf4 ). Furthermore, the presence of IL‐6 altered the expression of genes involved in hemostasis ( Vwf ), cell migration and proliferation ( Cap2 ), and synaptic activity ( Vamp2 ). All these changes in gene expression could underlie the phenotype of the GFAP‐IL6 mice after injury, but many other possible factors were also identified in this study, highlighting the utility of this approach for deciphering new pathways orchestrated by IL‐6. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008