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Sexual dimorphism and androgen regulation of satellite cell population in differentiating rat levator ani muscle
Author(s) -
Niel Lee,
Willemsen Kristin R.,
Volante Sonia N.,
Monks Douglas Ashley
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
developmental neurobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.716
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1932-846X
pISSN - 1932-8451
DOI - 10.1002/dneu.20580
Subject(s) - sexual dimorphism , levator ani , bulbocavernosus reflex , biology , endocrinology , testosterone (patch) , medicine , androgen , androgen receptor , sexual differentiation , population , satellite , anatomy , hormone , neuroscience , spinal cord , pelvic floor , genetics , environmental health , engineering , prostate cancer , cancer , gene , aerospace engineering
The bulbocavernosus (BC) and levator ani (LA) muscles of rats show remarkable androgen‐dependent sexual dimorphism. These muscles are additionally of interest because they are thought to indirectly mediate sexual differentiation of innervating spinal motoneurons. This sexual differentiation of the BC/LA is thought to be due to an increase in muscle units in the male rat during the first week after birth. We examined the cellular basis of this differentiation by studying satellite cells in the LA of postnatal day 2.5 rats, when sexual dimorphism is already prominent. Two experiments were performed in which LA satellite cells were measured: (1) wild‐type (WT) males were compared with females and to Tfm androgen receptor mutant males, which are androgen insensitive despite producing masculine amounts of testosterone, and (2) females treated prenatally and/or postnatally with testosterone proprionate were compared with females receiving vehicle injections. Our results indicate that WT males have a larger LA and a greater number of satellite cells in the LA muscle than females or Tfm males. However, satellite cell density was similar for all three groups. Prenatal testosterone treatment masculinized LA size and resulted in a corresponding increase in satellite cell populations, while postnatal TP treatment resulted in a tendency for increased satellite cell density without a significant increase in LA size. Taken together, these studies indicate that satellite cells in the neonatal LA muscle are sexually dimorphic, and that this dimorphism likely results from perinatal actions of androgens on androgen receptors. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008