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Fulminant type 1 diabetes: A comprehensive review of an autoimmune condition
Author(s) -
Luo Shuoming,
Ma Xiaoxi,
Li Xia,
Xie Zhiguo,
Zhou Zhiguang
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.307
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1520-7560
pISSN - 1520-7552
DOI - 10.1002/dmrr.3317
Subject(s) - fulminant , autoimmunity , immunology , type 1 diabetes , medicine , autoimmune disease , disease , pathogenesis , acquired immune system , immunity , diabetic ketoacidosis , diabetes mellitus , pancreatic islets , innate immune system , pancreas , immune system , islet , antibody , endocrinology
Summary Fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) is a subset of type 1 diabetes characterized by extremely rapid pancreatic β‐cell destruction with aggressive progression of hyperglycaemia and ketoacidosis. It was initially classified as idiopathic type 1 diabetes due to the absence of autoimmune markers. However, subsequent studies provide evidences supporting the involvement of autoimmunity in rapid β‐cell loss in FT1D pathogenesis, which are crucial for FT1D being an autoimmune disease. This article highlights the role of immunological aspects in FT1D according to the autoimmune‐associated genetic background, viral infection, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and pancreas histology.