Cardiovascular risk factors and incident albuminuria in screen‐detected type 2 diabetes

Background It is unclear whether cardiovascular risk factor modification influences the development of renal disease in people with type 2 diabetes identified through screening. We determined predictors of albuminuria 5 years after a diagnosis of screen‐detected diabetes within the ADDITION‐Europe study, a pragmatic cardiovascular outcome trial of multifactorial cardiovascular risk management. Methods In 1826 participants with newly diagnosed, screen‐detected diabetes without albuminuria, we explored associations between risk of new albuminuria (≥2.5 mg mmol ‐1 for males and ≥3.5 mg mmol ‐1 for females) and (1) baseline cardio‐metabolic risk factors and (2) changes from baseline to 1 year in systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP) and glycated haemoglobin (ΔHbA 1c ) using logistic regression. Results Albuminuria developed in 268 (15%) participants; baseline body mass index and active smoking were independently associated with new onset albuminuria in 5 years after detection of diabetes. In a model adjusted for age, gender, baseline HbA 1c and blood pressure, a 1% decrease in HbA 1c and 5‐mm Hg decrease in SBP during the first year were independently associated with lower risks of albuminuria (odds ratio), 95% confidence interval: 0.76, 0.62 to 0.91 and 0.94, 0.88 to 1.01, respectively. Further adjustment did not materially change these estimates. There was no interaction between ΔSBP and ΔHbA 1c in relation to albuminuria risk, suggesting likely additive effects on renal microvascular disease. Conclusions Baseline measurements and changes in HbA 1c and SBP a year after diagnosis of diabetes through screening independently associate with new onset albuminuria 4 years later. Established multifactorial treatment for diabetes applies to cases identified through screening.