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Oestradiol levels may differ between premenopausal women, ages 18–50, with type 1 diabetes and matched controls
Author(s) -
Hassan Lina Saleh,
Monson Rebecca S.,
Danielson Kirstie K.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.307
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1520-7560
pISSN - 1520-7552
DOI - 10.1002/dmrr.2829
Subject(s) - medicine , diabetes mellitus , type 2 diabetes , sex hormone binding globulin , menarche , endocrinology , population , cohort , hormone , physiology , androgen , environmental health
Background This study aimed to investigate whether oestradiol differs between premenopausal women with and without type 1 diabetes and whether levels are associated with such factors as age, reproductive history or diabetes management. Methods Oestradiol in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes ( n = 89; age = 18–50 years; duration = 13–18 years) and age‐matched/race‐matched controls without diabetes ( n = 76) was collected during a cross‐sectional ancillary study of the Wisconsin Diabetes Registry Study, a population‐based incident cohort. Total and bioavailable oestradiol and sex hormone‐binding globulin were compared using multivariable regression (e.g. adjusting for reproductive history). Results Adjusted mean total and bioavailable oestradiol did not differ overall by diabetes status ( p ≥ 0.74), while adjusted mean sex hormone‐binding globulin was higher in type 1 diabetes women ( p = 0.02). However, only in women with type 1 diabetes and not controls (interaction p = 0.0005) was total oestradiol positively associated with the duration of reproductive years with unsuppressed ovarian function ( UnsuppOvFx = years since menarche minus years on hormonal contraceptives/pregnant/breastfeeding). When stratified into less than/equal to or greater than the median 9 years' duration of UnsuppOvFx , compared with controls, women with type 1 diabetes had significantly lower total oestradiol in the ≤9 years group [ β = −43.2 pg mL −1 (−158.6 pmol L −1 ), p = 0.04] and significantly higher total oestradiol in the >9 years group [ β = 53.9 pg mL −1 (197.9 pmol L −1 ), p = 0.04]. Results remained consistent during additional statistical adjustments and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Compared with controls, women with type 1 diabetes may have lower oestradiol when they have a shorter duration of UnsuppOvFx and higher oestradiol when they have a longer duration of UnsuppOvFx . Given the potential effects of insulin on ovarian function, oestradiol production may vary across the lifespan for women with type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.