Premium
Genetic and baseline metabolic factors for incident diabetes and HbA 1c at follow‐up: the healthy twin study
Author(s) -
Sung Joohon,
Lee Kayoung,
Song YunMi,
Lee Mikyeong,
Kim Jina
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.307
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1520-7560
pISSN - 1520-7552
DOI - 10.1002/dmrr.2619
Subject(s) - diabetes mellitus , waist , medicine , anthropometry , heritability , body mass index , twin study , genetic correlation , correlation , endocrinology , demography , biology , genetic variation , genetics , population , environmental health , geometry , mathematics , sociology
Background We investigated baseline anthropometric/metabolic traits predicting incident diabetes, genetic/environmental relationships between these traits and HbA 1c at follow‐up and the contribution of genetics, covariates and environments to variance in HbA 1c at follow‐up and incident diabetes. Methods Nondiabetic twins ( n = 869) and their family members ( n = 949) were followed over 3.7 ± 1.4 years (44.3 ± 12.8 years of age); baseline anthropometric/metabolic traits were measured. Fasting plasma glucose and HbA 1c were measured at follow‐up. Incident diabetes was defined as HbA 1c ≥6.5% or fasting plasma glucose ≥7 mmol/L. Results Age‐adjusted incident diabetes was 4.9% in men and 4.1% in women. Odd ratio for incident diabetes was 2.34–2.40, 1.25‐1.28, 1.22–1.27 and 1.89 per standard deviation of baseline fasting plasma glucose, white blood cell (WBC), triglycerides and waist circumference, respectively, in multivariate generalized estimating equation models ( p < 0.05). Age‐adjusted and sex‐adjusted heritability was 0.85 for diabetes and 0.72 for HbA 1c . In bivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex and body mass index at baseline, HbA 1c at follow‐up showed significant genetic and environmental correlations with baseline glucose (0.44, 0.17), significant genetic correlation with baseline waist circumference (0.16) and triglycerides (0.30) and significant environmental correlation with baseline WBC (0.09). Variance in HbA 1c at follow‐up and incident diabetes was explained by genetics (33% and 28%, respectively), covariates (36% and 48%, respectively), shared environments (7% and 0%, respectively) and errors (24% and 24%, respectively). Conclusions High values for baseline fasting plasma glucose, WBC, triglycerides and waist circumference are independent risk factors for incident diabetes. While genetic influences strongly contribute to variance in HbA 1c at follow‐up and incident diabetes, these risk factors significantly contribute to the remaining variance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.