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High prevalence of depressive symptoms in well‐controlled adolescents with type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
Author(s) -
Zduńczyk Beata,
Sendela Joanna,
Szypowska Agnieszka
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.307
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1520-7560
pISSN - 1520-7552
DOI - 10.1002/dmrr.2499
Subject(s) - medicine , diabetes mellitus , depression (economics) , type 1 diabetes , confidence interval , odds ratio , type 2 diabetes , quality of life (healthcare) , insulin , distress , exact test , pediatrics , mann–whitney u test , endocrinology , clinical psychology , nursing , economics , macroeconomics
Background Researchers report co‐morbid depressive symptoms in children with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, excellent diabetes control may be associated with emotional distress as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in T1D children with HbA 1c <7.5% and ≥7.5% treated with insulin pump. Methods A total of 372 children (186 girls) with a mean age of 14.2 ± 2.0 years and mean diabetes duration of 5.3 ± 3.5 years were included. All subjects were treated for T1D for a minimum of 1 year. Children filled out a Polish version of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and answered questions in the Quality of Life Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was made using Student's t ‐test, Mann–Whitney U ‐test, Fisher's exact test and Spearman's rank correlation. Results Eighteen per cent (31/177) of participants with HbA 1c <7.5% and 21% (41/195) with HbA 1c ≥7.5% reported depressive symptoms (CDI scores ≥13). Adolescents with HbA 1c <7.5% and CDI ≥ 13 had higher total insulin dose ( p = 0.039) and longer diabetes duration ( p = 0.043) than subjects with CDI < 13. There was no difference in prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients with HbA 1c ≥7.5% and HbA 1c <7.5% (odds ratio [1.25 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–2.11], p = 0.432). In both groups, adolescents with CDI ≥ 13 had worse quality of life than those with CDI < 13 ( p < 0.0001). Conclusions In both groups, one in five adolescents with either good or poor glycemic control had depressive symptoms compared with <7% in subjects without diabetes. Long‐lasting T1D significantly increased the risk of depressive symptoms in well‐controlled youth. Depressive symptoms strongly affected the quality of life regardless of diabetes control. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.