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Serum CXCL1 concentrations are elevated in type 1 diabetes mellitus, possibly reflecting activity of anti‐islet autoimmune activity
Author(s) -
Takahashi Kazuma,
Ohara Mio,
Sasai Takayoshi,
Homma Hiroyuki,
Nagasawa Kan,
Takahashi Toru,
Yamashina Mitsuhiro,
Ishii Mototsugu,
Fujiwara Fumikado,
Kajiwara Takashi,
Taneichi Haruhito,
Takebe Noriko,
Satoh Jo
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.307
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1520-7560
pISSN - 1520-7552
DOI - 10.1002/dmrr.1257
Subject(s) - cxcl1 , medicine , endocrinology , type 1 diabetes , diabetes mellitus , autoimmunity , chemokine , type 2 diabetes mellitus , islet , autoimmune disease , bone marrow , immunology , inflammation , disease
Background Identification of unique inflammatory markers may facilitate prediction of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We previously compared transcript profiles of bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells from non‐obese diabetic mice with those from non‐obese non‐diabetic mice and found that bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells' expressions of inflammatory mediators, including chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), were three to five times higher in 4‐week‐old female non‐obese diabetic mice than in non‐obese non‐diabetic mice. In humans, microarray analysis results have suggested this chemokine be a biomarker representing active anti‐islet autoimmunity. We investigated whether serum CXCL1 levels, reflecting active autoimmune processes, might serve as biomarkers for T1DM. Methods The study groups consisted of 26 subjects with acute‐onset T1DM, 20 with slowly progressive T1DM, and 20 with type 2 diabetes mellitus as disease controls. All subjects were Japanese. CXCL1 in sera were quantified by solid phase enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Results Serum CXCL1 levels were significantly higher in subjects with acute‐onset [median 113.2 ng/mL (41.75–457.2)] or slowly progressive [median 100.8 ng/mL (32.87–225.0)] T1DM than in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus [median 71.58 ng/mL (32.45–152.6), p = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively, Mann‐Whitney U ‐test]. Decreases in fasting C‐peptide levels per year correlated significantly with CXCL1 levels ( n = 11, r 2 = 0.524, p = 0.012) in a subpopulation of slowly progressive T1DM subjects displaying preserved beta‐cell function. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to show elevated serum CXCL1 in T1DM subjects, regardless of diabetes subtype, as compared to control type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects. We propose serum CXCL1 elevation to be a good T1DM marker, possibly indicating a predisposition to autoimmune disease development. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.