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The relationship between cognitive enrichment and cognitive control: A systematic investigation of environmental influences on development through socioeconomic status
Author(s) -
Amso Dima,
Salhi Carmel,
Badre David
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
developmental psychobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.055
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1098-2302
pISSN - 0012-1630
DOI - 10.1002/dev.21794
Subject(s) - socioeconomic status , psychology , cognition , context (archaeology) , task (project management) , developmental psychology , experiential learning , cognitive psychology , control (management) , affect (linguistics) , cognitive development , computer science , artificial intelligence , communication , environmental health , geography , medicine , population , mathematics education , management , neuroscience , economics , archaeology
We measured the impact of socioeconomic status ( SES ) on cognitive processes. We examined cognitive control, specifically working memory ( WM ), in a sample of N = 141 7‐ to 17‐year‐olds using rule‐guided behavior tasks. Our hypothesis is based on computational modeling data that suggest that the development of flexible cognitive control requires variable experiences in which to implement rule‐guided action. We found that not all experiences that correlated with SES in our sample impacted task performance, and not all experiential variables that impacted performance were associated with SES . Of the experiential variables associated with task performance, only cognitive enrichment opportunities worked indirectly through SES to affect WM as tested with rule‐guided behavior tasks. We discuss the data in the context of necessary precision in SES research.