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Stability and instability of childhood traits: Implications for personality development of animals
Author(s) -
Putnam Samuel P.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
developmental psychobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.055
H-Index - 93
eISSN - 1098-2302
pISSN - 0012-1630
DOI - 10.1002/dev.20578
Subject(s) - temperament , psychology , personality , persistence (discontinuity) , developmental psychology , personality development , fluctuating asymmetry , big five personality traits , cognitive psychology , social psychology , evolutionary biology , biology , geotechnical engineering , engineering
Concepts of animal personality and human temperament are nearly identical, both emphasizing overt behaviors rather than conscious processes, and assuming a primary role of biology in shaping individual differences. A point of divergence is emphasis on development among temperament scholars. Whereas most definitions of personality and temperament emphasize differential continuity—the maintenance of individual differences in behavioral tendencies over time—several behaviors demonstrate absolute discontinuity—age‐related changes in mean levels. Attention to species‐wide changes in behaviors may generate insight regarding the forces that govern individual differences. Differential continuity may also be heterotypic, with an inferred genotypic attribute being manifest in different behaviors at different ages. Structural continuity—persistence of correlational patterns among variables at different ages—represents a tool for identifying coherence in the common underpinnings of these diverse behaviors. This article describes research exemplifying these forms of continuity in humans, and suggests potential implications for animal personality investigations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:510–520, 2011.