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Second‐order schedules and the analysis of human drug‐seeking behavior
Author(s) -
Goldberg S. R.,
Schindler C. W.,
Lamb R. J.
Publication year - 1990
Publication title -
drug development research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.582
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1098-2299
pISSN - 0272-4391
DOI - 10.1002/ddr.430200208
Subject(s) - schedule , drug , psychology , extinction (optical mineralogy) , reinforcement , stimulus (psychology) , computer science , cognitive psychology , social psychology , psychiatry , biology , paleontology , operating system
Behavior maintained by drug injections can be enhanced by using simple schedules as components of more complex second‐order schedules. Under second‐order schedules, completion of the component schedule, rather than an individual response, produces the drug injection according to another schedule. Each component schedule terminates with the brief presentation of a stimulus that has been associated with drug injection. Research over the past 30 years using these procedures with monkeys and human subjects has allowed an evaluation of the role of conditioned environmental stimuli in the acquisition, maintenance, extinction, and reinstatement of drug‐‐seeking behavior. These results have provided a cross‐validation of human and animal models of drug abuse which would not have been possible using simple schedules of reinforcement.