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Extramedullary hematopoiesis: Clinical and cytological features
Author(s) -
Kapatia Gargi,
Kaur Amarjot,
Rastogi Pulkit,
Sreedharanunni Sreejesh,
Gupta Parikshaa,
Rohilla Manish,
Gupta Nalini,
Srinivasan Radhika,
Rajwanshi Arvind,
Dey Pranab
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
diagnostic cytopathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.417
H-Index - 65
eISSN - 1097-0339
pISSN - 8755-1039
DOI - 10.1002/dc.24353
Subject(s) - extramedullary hematopoiesis , medicine , bone marrow , pathology , haematopoiesis , h&e stain , lymph node , cytology , staining , stem cell , genetics , biology
Hematopoiesis usually occurs in bone marrow in adults and when it occurs at sites except for bone marrow, it is termed as extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). It is usually found in organs, which are vigorously involved in fetal hematopoiesis, including liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. FNAC is easy and rapid method to diagnose EMH. Aim To study the spectrum of extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) on fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Material and methods A total of 10 patients who were diagnosed with EMH on FNAC were studied over a period of 5.5 years. Smears were stained with May Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) and Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E). The detailed clinical and cytomorphological spectrum of EMH were studied. Results T he mean age of the patient was 42.5 years, with age ranging between 14 and 78 years. The commonest site of EMH was lymph node (n = 8, 80%) followed by paravertebral area (n = 2, 20%). Clinical diagnosis was EMH in just one case. Mean hemoglobin of the patient was 7.9 g/L. Bone marrow examination was available in 6 cases. On FNAC, we saw variable mixture of bone marrow elements including megakaryocytes (2.6%, 0‐6%), myelocytes and metamyelocytes (29.2%, 18‐33%), erythroid precursors (3.2%, 0‐7%), polymorphs (21.7%, 10‐36%), blasts (1.1%, 0‐4%), eosinophils (2.5%, 0‐7%), and lymphocytes (39.7%, 21‐60%). Conclusion Cytopathologists must be alert of the clinical as well as cytological spectrum of extramedullary hematopoiesis for greater accuracy in diagnosis and to escape pitfalls in its diagnosis.