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Exact closed‐form symbol error rate of arbitrary rectangular M ‐QAM over Rayleigh fading for two‐branch transmit diversity
Author(s) -
Liu HongYu,
Yen Rainfield Y.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
international journal of communication systems
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.344
H-Index - 49
eISSN - 1099-1131
pISSN - 1074-5351
DOI - 10.1002/dac.809
Subject(s) - rayleigh fading , fading , qam , computer science , closed form expression , square (algebra) , quadrature amplitude modulation , transmit diversity , expression (computer science) , symbol (formal) , mathematics , algorithm , telecommunications , bit error rate , mathematical analysis , channel (broadcasting) , geometry , programming language
By using a ‘pre‐averaging method’, we successfully derive an exact closed‐form symbol error rate (SER) expression for the particular case of two transmit‐one receive antenna diversity system employing arbitrary rectangular M ‐QAM signalling over flat Rayleigh fading. Fading between branches are assumed independent. Both identical and distinct branch powers are considered. The closed‐form SER obtained is in terms of elemental functions containing no unevaluated integrals nor lengthy and complicated transcendental functions. Simulation results show that square M ‐QAM outperforms rectangular M ‐QAM for a given size M . Monte Carlo simulation results are found in excellent agreements with theoretical results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.