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Resource allocation for energy efficiency optimization in uplink–downlink decoupled 5G heterogeneous networks
Author(s) -
Khan Humayun Zubair,
Ali Mudassar,
Rashid Imran,
Ghafoor Abdul,
Naeem Muhammad,
Khan Adnan Ahmed,
Saddiqui Adil Masood
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
international journal of communication systems
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.344
H-Index - 49
eISSN - 1099-1131
pISSN - 1074-5351
DOI - 10.1002/dac.4925
Subject(s) - computer science , telecommunications link , base station , heterogeneous network , computer network , efficient energy use , transmitter power output , optimization problem , resource allocation , interference (communication) , cellular network , mathematical optimization , wireless , wireless network , telecommunications , algorithm , transmitter , mathematics , electrical engineering , engineering , channel (broadcasting)
Summary Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are a practical solution for traffic offloading from a high powered base station (HBS) to a low powered base station (LBS). In the HetNets, uplink (UL)–downlink (DL) decoupled access (UDDa) strategy is an optimal solution that ensures cell association, independently, in the UL and DL. This strategy offloads HBS cell edge mobile device (MD) to the nearby LBS in the UL. However, energy‐efficient cell association for traffic offloading from HBS to LBS, relay, or device to device (D2D) in the UL employing UDDa strategy has not been explored in the past work. We formulate mathematical models which ensure energy‐efficient cell association, power allocation, and traffic offloading employing traditional UL‐DL coupled access (UDCa) and UDDa strategies in the HetNets. The formulated problems are concave fractional programming (CFP) problems. The CFP is changed to a concave optimization problem using Charnes–Cooper transformation (CCT). The transformed problems are solved using an outer approximation algorithm to obtain ϵ = 1 0 − 3optimal solution. Simulation results show the effectiveness of UDDa strategy over UDCa strategy in terms of MDs association, traffic offloading in the UL and DL, interference mitigation in the UL, data rate, and energy efficiency in the HetNets.