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CATV in France: Present situation and future directions
Author(s) -
Robin Philippe,
Veyres Camille
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
international journal of digital and analog cabled systems
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.344
H-Index - 49
eISSN - 1099-1131
pISSN - 0894-3222
DOI - 10.1002/dac.4520020205
Subject(s) - telecommunications , broadband , cable internet access , network packet , computer network , plan (archaeology) , cable television , telecommunications network , computer science , engineering , geography , archaeology
Fibre‐optic systems have been introduced in France initially in the subscriber loop (fibre to the home) for experimenting switched broadband services (Biarritz opened in 1984) and then, under the Plan Cǎble for CATV/multiservice networks (twelve cities or groups of cities, about 900,000 homes), and as CATV trunks and feeders in 40 other cities or groups of cities (another 4,500,000 homes). This unique experience with fibre in the subscriber loop, albeit slightly premature gives some assurance on the future economic feasibility of the fibre‐to‐the‐home or fibre‐to‐the‐office concepts under development. D2‐MAC/packet with smart card access control has been selected as the standard for scrambling/enciphering audiovisual signals on cable and on satellite. The integration of the recent hybrid or fibre broadband TV networks and of their network management systems into the telecommunication networks is still being discussed.